malloby



Jan. 8 1924.

H. C MALLORY ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed July 2 1921 Y 1 m 4. x R .L I no 0 o o H W m w w M T o o o o 0 NC R 0 0 0 0 y T owo o 0 0 i F T O O O K l 0 OOO n v w 1% :A 0 v w m C o O OO w 00 o w 0 4L 0 w V O Patented Jan. 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY C. MALLOBY, OF NEW YORK. N. Y.; SUE R. MALLORY ADMINISTRATRIX OF SAID HARRY C. MALLORY, DECEASED.

ENGINE-COOLING SYSTEM.

Application filed July 2, 1921. Serial No. 432.090.

To o whom it may concern..-

Beit known that I, Hana: (I Mauonr. a citizen of the United States, and .resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engine-Cooling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention comprises improvements in that type of engine cooling system specially adapted for use with automobile and analogous internal combustion engines in which practically allfor at least the major portion of the heat abstracted from the engine by the cooling liquid is normally util ized in vaporizing the cooling liquid and is dissipated in a condenser in which the vapor is condensed.

The general object of the present invention is to provide improved apparatus for the purpose specified characterized in particular by the simplicity of the piping and of the p ovisions for maintainin an adequate sup ly of cooling liquid in t e cooling space under varying conditions of use. In t e preferred mode of carying out my 1nvention I rovide means for storing an excess of liquid (in a suitable container, which serves as.tl e condenser hot well and may be formed in whole or in part by the lower portion of the condenser shell. Liquid of condensation formed in the condenser and li uid fiowin into the condenser from the jac et drains into this container. From this storage space I pump the cooling liquid into the engine jacket, preferably at or adjacent its bottom, at a rate exceeding that at which liquid is vaporized in the en gine jacket. At the top of the jacket I provide an outlet through which liquid and any .xpor-formcd in the jacket pass to the top of the t ndenser. The condenser p rgerably differs from the ordinary radiator of a water cooled system by having provisions for diverting the water entering the top of the condenser away from the condensing tubes or other condensing surfaces into channfls running down to the condenser hot w'll and serving as flow paths for the water and as vapor distributors.

The various features of novelty \zliich characterize my imention are phinted in! with particularity in the claims annexedto and forming a part of tzzs specification.

For a better understanding of the invention however. and the advantages possessed by it. reference should he had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described a prefcred embodiment of my invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. l is an elevation with parts broken away and in section of one form of my improved cooling system;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig; 1

Fig 2 is an enlarged front end elevation drawn approximately to scale of a portion of the condenser shown diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 3 is an elevation taken similarly to Fig. 1 of a portion of a modified arrangement; and

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 44 of Fig. 3.

In the drawings and referring first to the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, A represents the cooling liquid jacket for the cylinders A of an ordinary internal oombastion automobile engine. An inlet A is provided at the bottom of the jacket space for the cooling liquid which will ordinarily be water, or a water and alcohol mixture, and A represents the outlet for vapor which alsoserves as the overflow outlet for the cooling fluid. In the particular arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the outlet A. opens from the end of the jacket space near its top and is of substantial size. The outlet A is connected b a conduit C which may include the usua flexible coupling C to the upper portion of the condenser. Interspersed through the condensing space or interior of the condenser are the usual condensing surfaces which may be of any usual or suitable type. For automobile use the condenser may well be formed, as shown, like the radiator of the usual water circulat ing cooling system, namely, with horizontal small diameter tubes B closely spaced to provide horizontal passages for atmospheric air which is drawn through them from the front to the rear of the condenser b the usual fan G, the ends of the tubes eing expanded and soldered together to form the corrlesponding portions of the condenser shel In the form of my invention shown in (ill water space B.

Figs. 1 and 2 the tubes B are omitted from portions of the condenser to provide an open space 13 into which the conduit C opens, vertical passages B at the sides of the condenser, and a water receiving space or hot Well B. A ballie T 0 at the bottom of the space 13 deflects water and steam entering the condenser from the conduit C into the passa cs 8 which serve as steam distributlng cliannels and also form flow paths for water passing to the hot well or Advantageously the condenser is provided with suitably disposed bafiles or rain plates R which serve to deflect water of condensation formed on the condensing surfaces above them away from the condensing surfaces beneath them and into the passages B The water space B in the bottom of the condenser shell is connected to the water inlet A of the jacket by a conduit D including a pump E. Advantageously, in some cases, the conduit 1) is formed as shown with a goose neck portion D extending to the Water level which it is desired to maintain in the jacket to prevent the jacket from draining when the pump is stopped. To prevent syphon draining the goose neck should he vented as by means of the vapor pressure equalizing connection F from the top of the goose neck into the condenser B. The pump E is driven, in the construction shown, from the engine shaft through a reduction gear con ventionally illustrated at E and through which the driving belt G for the fan G is also driven.

Preferably provisions are made for admitting air to and withdrawing air from the condenser as disclosed in my prior application No. 163,332 and No. 473,439 to thereby vary the capacity of the condenser as required to maintain an approximately constant vapor pressure and temperature in the condenser notwithstanding variations in engine load and in the temperature of the external atmosphere. The means shown for this purpose comprises an air pipe H con nected through a steam trap I to the suction intake manifold L of the engine to thereby exhaust air from the condenser as required to maintain a minus pressure therein. As shown the pipe H projects into the condenser shell and is formed with an air inlet H at its under side throu h which air may enter the pipe from the mtertubc space, but into which Water of condensation draining down from the condensing tubes B will not. fall. The minus ressure thus maintained is fixed b the ad ustment of a vacuum relief valve which automatically opens to admit air to the condenser when the pressure of the atmosphere exceeds the pressure in the condenser by a predetcrmined amount.- Advantageously the air pipe is of appreciably larger size than the tubes B and has expanded portions H shaped to take the lace in the end walls of the condenser shel of the expanded end portions of a group of say seven tubes B as shown in Fig. 2. Ihe front end of the pipe ll is closed. A plug cock H may be pro vlded 1n the pipe which can be closed when this is desirable. M represents a safety yalve attached to some part of the circulating system which opens and permits the escape of vapor or liquid when, from any cause, the pressure in the circulating system exceeds a predetermined amount. The walls of the condenser hot well and of the channels B may be insulated to minimize heat losses.

In the preferred mode of use contemplated of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the unvaporized liquid passin into the condenser through the conduit runs off the ends of the baffle B into the channels B and falls through the latter into the water space 13. The steam entering the space B also passes into the channels B and is distributed by the latter into the intertube space. The liquid of condensation formed above the baffles R drains into the space B through the channels B While the water of condensation formed below the battles R drains directly into the space B. When the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is operated in the manner described, the temperature at the top of the jacket will be maintained approximately constant at a value determined by the setting of, the vacuum relief valve K, notwithstanding variations in en ine load or of the temperature of the coo ing air drawn through the condenser by the fan G.

Whenthe connection C is upwardly in-.

clined from the top of the jacket condenser as shown in Figs. 1. and 2 as is necessary or at least desirable in adapting the invention to certain types of engines. the liquid level in the system will be practically at the bot tom of the discharge and of the conduit C and may be well above the top of the jacket. In this case some of the vapor generated by theheat absorbed from the jacket will be liberated in the vapor space above the liquid level in the discharge end portion of the connection C, but under heavy load con; ditions, much of the vapor generated will be entrained in the boiling, water entering the condenser, and will separate from the water in the condenser space H". Where the type of engine em loyed or other conditlons makes it possib e toprovide a va J1 space in the top of the jacket itself an to horizontally dis use the pipe C connecting the top of the jacket with the top of the condenser, this ma advantageously be done. In such case the liquid level in t e system will be well below the top of the jacket as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and liquid will then 1,4ao,sso

normally overflow from the top of the jacket into the condenser along the bottom of the conduit C while vapor will flow through the upper portion of the conduit. The relative amounts of liquid and vapor entering the condenser may vary through wide limits without changing the character of the o oration appreciably, and with the system lled with water and the cock H adjusted to close the air pipe H, the system shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will operate as a water cooled s stem.

Ordinarily tlie system is initially supplied with water as through the opening normally closed by the safet valve M to fill the jacket and conduit to the overflow level, and to fill the hot well to a level somewhat below the air exhaust connection H. After the jacket is initially filled, additional liquid may be supplied from time to time as required to make up leakage loss. It will be apparent that with the jacketfull and the hot well artly filled. the system contains a considerable amount of liquid in excess of that re uired for operation, and considerable lea age of liqpid or vapor may occur from the system efore rep enishment becomesihecessiiry. The amount of excess liquidj whichmay thus be stored in the hot well depends of course upon the dimensions of the latter.

Where to get increased capacity, or for other reasons, it is desirable to have the top of the condenser appreciably above the outlet A from the engine jacket, the space B of the condenser into which the outlet is connected m'gly be located between upper and lower groupsof tubes B as inthe condenser D shown in Figs. 3 and 4. With a single fan, and with the central arrangement of the conduit C shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the portion-of the condenser above the inlet will be relatively less efl'cctive than the lower portion of the condenser but nevertheless may add. appreciabl to the total capacity of-the condenser. n the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the air exhaust piping H com rises one branch 0 n ing to the bottom of t e condenser as in igs. 1 and 2, ilgllfl a second branch opening to the space In both forms of my invention illustrated, if a constant vapor pressure is maintained in the condenser, an approximately'constant pressure and a correspondingly" constant temperature will be. maintained in the engins jacket under all conditions of-operation. The provisions made for introducin liquid into the jacket at a rate in excess 0 that at which liquid is vaporized by heat absorbed in the jacket not only insures a liquid circulation through the jacket, but insures an adequate amount of liquid in the ja ket at all, times. The return connection f r unvaporizcd liquid thus forms a simple and effective overflow device. To prcvcul all possibility of the direct flow of steam through the assagcs it and ll lo lluair outlet port bafiles S may be providcd as shown in Fig. 4 to provide water scal lll tween the lower ends of the channels ll and the ortion of the space B immcdiulcly lu' neat the air pipe II.

While in accordance with the provi ions of the statutes l have illustrated and dcscribed the best forms of my prcscnl invention now known to me, it will be apparcnt to those skilled in the ill'l that changes may be made in the form of my invention without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims. and that certain features of my invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention. what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let tcrs Patent, is:

1. In a cooling system, the combination with a liquid cooling jacket having a top outlet, of a surface condenser comprising distributed condensing surfaces, a connection from said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser for passing liquid and vapor into the latter, means within the condenser for diverting liquid away from the condensing surfaces and a pump for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket.

2. In a cooling system. the combination with a liquid cooling jacket having, a top outlet, of a surface condenser. (Ompt'islllg distributed condensing surfaces arranged it) provide one or more steam distributing channels leading downward past the condensing surfaces, a connection from said outlet to the upper portion of t e condenser for passing liquid and vapor into the latter, means within the condenser for diverting liquid away from the condensing Sillflll't'S and into said channels, and a pumpfor passing the liquid from the bottom of the condenser into the jacket.

3, In a cooling system, the combination with a liquid cooling jacket having a top outlet, of a' surface condenser comprising distributed condensing surfaces arranged in upper and lower grou s, a connection from said outlet to the con enscr opening to the latter between Said groups of condensing surfaces through which liquid and vapor pass into the mndensers, means \vilhin lho condenser for diverting liquid away from the lower group of condensing surfaces, and a pump for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket.

4. An engine cooling condenser comprising a plurality of parallel tubes spaced apart and havin their end ortions connected togather to arm walls c osing the ends of the intertube space and having an opening in the Wall of one of said tubes whereby the latter f n'ns a connection to the inter-tube space of the condenser. V

5 An vngine cooling condenser comprising :1 lurality of small parallel tubes spaced spurt and having their end portions expanded and connected together to form walls closing the ends of the intertube space, and a larger tube parallel to the others and assvmlilerl with them and having portions forming parts of said walls shaped to take ihe pleas of the ex ended end portions of a group of the smal er tubes and having an niwnilig in its wall to said intertube space.

6. in s coolin system the combination w th a liquid Cooling jacket having a top ilel. of u surfiu-e condenser comprising ulstrilmllng (-ontlensing surfaoes arranged hetween an upper vapor space and a lower liquid spare and arranged to rovide one or more distributing channels eading downward past the condensing surfaces from the vapor space to the liquid space, a connection from said outlet to the upper portion of the condenser for passing liquid and vapor into the condenser, means within the gondenser for diverting liquid away from the condensing surfaces and into sald channels, a pump for assin liquid from the said liquiti spaos of t e con enser into said jacket, an air outlet from the condenser above but adjacent the said liquid space, and baflies at the sides of said channels liquid sealed at their lower ends for preventing the direct flow of vapor from the lower ends of said ehannels through the said liquid space to said air outlet.

Si ed at New York city. in the county of N v v York and State of New York, this 1st day of July, A. D. 1921.

HARRY C. MALLORY. 

